The dockless micromobility problem: cheap to launch, expensive to live with
Dockless looked like a way to avoid stations. In practice, it pushed the work into sidewalks, vans, batteries, complaints, and replacement budgets.
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Legacy docked bike share costs too much for stations that often do too little
Traditional docks solved parking. Too often, cities still pay for expensive stations while the e-bike charging problem gets sent back to battery vans.